Heating apparatus and method of operating same



Jilly 29 1924. 1,503,368

H. A. KIESELBACH HEATING APPARATUS AND METHOD. OF owaamma' sans Filed Jab. g 1922 gnue'ni'oz Patented July 29, 1924.

HENRY A. KIESELBACH, OF MONTGLAIR, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR '1O JOHNS-MAN- VILLE, INC.,, A CORZEOR-ATION. YORK.

HEATING APPARATUS AND METHOD on OPERATING SAME.

Application filed. January 20, 1922. SerialjNo. 530,706,

ToflaZZ whom it may concern: 1

Be it known that I, HENRY A. KIESEL- EACH, a citizen of'the United States, residing at Montclair, in the county of Essex and Stateof New Jersey, "have invented certain new and useful Improvements in -He'ating Apparatus and 7 Methods of Operating Same, of which the following is a specification. 7

This invention pertains 'to'a method for effecting the even distribution of a heating medium such as Water or steam, in a heat ing system and alsoto the means employed for effecting or carrying out such method. The invention is applicable to various forms of heating plants or systems wherein headers of one type or another are interconnected by a plurality of pipes or circuits which usually extend from the headers at right angles.

- It is a well recognized fact that the standard pipe coil or radiator, composed of-a plurality of pipes joined to a commonsteam or hot water supply header and a common return header is but rarely. a=100-% efficient heating unit. Coils of this typewhen used in steam heating systems are generally found to have only about 70 to 80 per cent more or less oftheir total piping filledwith steam, there mainder of the piping containing air or an admixture ofair and steam at a low temperature. When used in hot water heating systems it is found that the circulation of water usually proceeds only through certain of the pipes, leaving others comparative-ly cool by reason of the stagnation of the flow of water in suchpipes. The reason for this ineflicient distribution of steam (or hot water) lies in the-fact that the pressures causing'the circulation of steam (or water) through the individual pipes, are not equal. This inequality of pressures is due to the action of the jet of steam (orwater) entering the supply header from the steam '-(or water) supply pipe connection. If the .connection is a small one the steam (or water) enters the header in a small jet-of relatively high velocity. This high velocity jet drives to the far end of the header causing a pressure on the pipes connected with the far end of the header, and also, due to the ejectorlike action of the jet, a negative pressure or steam can not enter thesame.

suction is created in the pipes connected at the near end of the header. One or-more of the intermediate pipes receives neither a positive nor negative pressure. The result of this variation ofpres'sure is that the plpes connected With the far end of the header have a; rapid circulation, the intermediate pipes a sluggish or zero circulation, and the near pipes a zero or backward circulation of the heating medium.

The effects of improper circulation in a steam coil may be stated as follows: Certain of the pipes or portions thereof never become heated because in the absence of a positive pressure to cause circulation, the air is not forced out ofthese pipes and Again, the back circulation in one ormore of the pipes causes the air in these pipes and the air discharged into the return'header by the other pipes, to be carried into thesupply'header and mixed with the incoming steam. The effect of the admixture of air with the steam is to greatly reduce the rate of trans mission of heat from the steam to the surfaces of the pipes withwhich it comesinto contact. Therefore/the heating efliciencyof those portions of the coil which are heated is also greatly reduced. q

From the foregoing it will be seen that. all parts of the coil are not heated and that those which are heatedare not efliciently heated. I

The elfects of improper circulation in a hot water heating system, may be stated as follows: Certain of the pipes or portions thereof never become heated because of the absence of a circulating pressure. Again, the back circulation in'one or more of the pipes'causes the cooled water in those pipes to be mixed with the hot Water entering the supply header. The effect is to lower the temperatureofthe hot water entering the pipes through which there is a proper circulation, thereby lowering their efficiency as a heating surface. It therefore follows that all parts of the coil are not heated and those which are heated are not efficiently heated.

The present method and construction obviates these difficulties and causes a proper circulation of the heating medium, be it place.

hot water or steam, through the supply header and through the various pipes connected thereto.

One embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein, I

Fig. 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a supply header, radiating pipes connected thereto, and the means employed to disrupt or prevent the formation of the heating medium in a jet;

Fig. 2 a face view of a bushing having vanes arranged thereon which latter are employed to prevent the jet formation above referred to;

Fig. 3 a longitudinal sectional view thereof, taken on the line III-III of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 a perspective view of the central supporting lug or member with the vanes carried thereby, one vane being removed; and I Fig. 5 a perspective view of one of the vanes.

Referring to said drawings, 1 denotes a supply header from which there extend a plurality of pipes 2 which in turn are connected with a return header (not shown) as is usual in these pipe radiators. In the form of the invention illastrated, I preferably employ a bushing, as 3, one end of which is interiorly threaded, as at 4, and the opposite end exteriorly threaded, as at 5, the bushing also being provided with apolygonal eX- terior surface 6 for the reception of a wrench whereby the bushing may be screwed into 7 designates a block which is provided with a series of radially disposed slots 8 upon its exterior surface, said slots being designed to receive and hold the inner ends of a series of vanes or blade-like members comprising straight sections 9 and laterally deflected ends 10, the two sections merging into each other through a curved portion 11. The sections 9 are of a height to make a close fit in the slots 8 and the inner wall or face of the bushing 3, while the laterally projecting sections 10 are of a greater height and overlap the inner end of the bushing to a slight extent, such sections 10 being provided with a rearwardly extending lug or wing 12 which lies against the inner face of the bushing, as clearly indicated in Figs. 2 and 3. The parts maybe secured together in any approved manner, as by spot welding the wings 12 to the ends of the bushing. It will, of course, be appreciated that the parts might all be cast integral, that is to say, the bushing, the wings and the central supporting members for the inner portions of the wings, and that so far as the broad idea is concerned it is innnaterial how the structure is produced.

W hat is claimed is,

1. That method of securing an equal distribution of a heating medium to various conduits extending from header at substantially right angles thereto which consists in introducing such medium into one end of the header and at such point of introduction preventing the jet effect of the medium which would naturally be produced by the pipe or opening through which the medium is introduced.

2. In a heating apparatus, the combination of a header; a plurality of pipes extending laterally therefrom; a bushing mounted in an opening at one end of the header; and a plurality of'defiecting vanes carried by the bushing, said vanes serving to prevent the formation of any jet of the heating medium within the header and to effect a substantially even distribution of the medium throughout the length of the header and consequently to the pipes.

3. In a heating apparatus, the combination of a header; a plurality of pipes extending therefrom; a bushing mounted in an opening at one end of the header; and a plurality of vanes carried by the bushing, the ends of the vanes projecting beyond the bushing within the header and being lat erally deflected.

4. As a new article of manufacture, a bushing having a series of spaced vanes in teriorly arranged at one end of the same, with the ends of said vanes projecting beyond the end of the bushing and being laterally deflected.

5. In combination with a bushing, a block centrally disposed therein at one end; and a series of vanes extending radially from the block to the interior wall of the bushing, said vanes being of a length toproject outwardly from the bushing and having their outwardly projecting ends laterally deflected.

6. That method of securing an equal distribution of a heating medium to various conduits extending from a header, which consists in introducing such medium directly into the header at one end thereof. and at such time of introduction causing a flow of the heating medium in the header as to prevent the formation of a jet action so that all of the conduits extending therefrom will be fed with the medium at a substantially equal pressure.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification. '4 I HENRY A. KIESELBACH. 

